Effectiveness of Corn Cob Activated Carbon In Removing Total Suspended Solids And Total Chromium In Batik Waste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v6i3.783Keywords:
Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Batik and Corn Cob.Abstract
The batik production process involves several stages that generate liquid, gaseous, and solid waste. Furthermore, the process requires significant amounts of water. Without proper treatment, this can degrade water quality. Certain waste parameters, specifically Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Chromium, exceed established quality standards. Given the limitations batik artisans face regarding infrastructure, resources, and access to technology, there is a need for a waste treatment model that is simple, modular, and easy to maintain. Adsorption is a widely used method for wastewater treatment, with corn cobs serving as an adsorbent. The purpose of this study is to test the ability of activated carbon from corn cobs to reduce TSS and total chromium in batik wastewater. The adsorbent dosage was 1.5 grams and 3 grams, with stirring times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The results indicate that activated carbon derived from corn cobs effectively adsorbed TSS and Total Chromium from batik wastewater. The highest effectiveness of the percentage of TSS and Chromium content allowance at the variation of activated carbon dose of 3 grams and at the contact time of 90 minutes with the percentage of TSS elimination of 80% and Total Chromium of 97%, but it has not met the quality standards in accordance with the Ministry of Environment and Foresty Regulation No. 16 of 2019, namely TSS of 50 mg/L and total Chromium of 1 mg/L.
Downloads
References
[1] A. Suzana, E. Adriansyah, P. Herawati, M. Marhadi, T. Silvina, and R. Sufra, “Pengolahan Air Limbah Batik Jambi Menggunakan Filtrasi dan Fotokatalisis TiO2 (Titanium Dioksida),” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 578, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.33087/jiubj.v24i1.4958.
[2] I. R. Anugrah, N. A. Nisa, F. Luthfiana, and A. M. F. Dani, “Penerapan Prinsip Interaksi Antar Molekul dalam Pengolahan Limbah Batik,” Jurnal Tadris Kimia IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 19–28, 2022.
[3] N. Diyah, T. Ratuannisa, E. Ekawati, E. Yulia, B. S. Purwasasmita, and A. B. Nugraha, “Studi Pengolahan Air Limbah Batik pada Skala Industri Rumah Tangga dan Usaha Kecil Menengah di Cirebon, Indonesia,” Dampak, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 8–15, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.25077/dampak.20.1.8-15.2023.
[4] D. C. Hakika, Z. Mufrodi, R. T. Evitasari, C. P. Bhakti, and B. Robi’in, “Peningkatan Pengetahuan Peserta Training of Trainer (ToT) ‘Pelatihan Batik dengan Pewarnaan Alami’ dengan Penyuluhan Mengenai Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Batik,” Abdimas Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 233–238, 2021.
[5] A. W. Ragil, S. Abdul Ghofar, A. Gunawan, and D. N. Misidawati, “Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Industri Batik Yang Berkelanjutan Di Kota Pekalongan,” Jurnal Sahmiyya, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2023.
[6] M. N. Permatasari, H. Ariadi, B. D. Madusari, and H. Soeprapto, “Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Meduri Pekalongan Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Cair Batik Berdasarkan Indikator Biologi,” Journal of Aquaculture Science, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 130–136, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.31093/joas.v6i2.198.
[7] C. Febrianti, M. Ulfah, and K. Kusumastuti, “Pemanfaatan Ampas Kopi sebagai Bahan Karbon Aktif untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Batik,” agriTECH, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 1, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.22146/agritech.68014.
[8] B. T. Belaon and N. Hendrasarie, “Penurunan Beban Organik Limbah Batik Jetis Menggunakan Adsorben Serat Tebu, Kulit Kedelai dan Kulit Bawang,” Jurnal Serambi Engineering, vol. VIII, no. 3, pp. 6180–6190, 2023.
[9] E. P. Anggraeni, F. Khoirunnisa, and A. Aktawan, “Penjerapan Logam Cu dan Cd pada Limbah Cair Batik Menggunakan Adsorben dari Limbah Tulang Ayam,” Jurnal Kimia Dan Rekayasa , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 9–7, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://kireka.setiabudi,ac.id
[10] S. R. Pradipta, J. Triastuti, and N. N. Dewi, “Utilization of Green Mussel (Perna viridis) as A Lead Metal Pollutant Adorbent in Batik Dye Waste,” Journal of Marine and Coastal Science, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 144–151, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.20473/jmcs.v13i3.54598.
[11] M. Sitia And Juswardi, “Potensi Fitoremediasi Bambu Air (Equisetum Hyemale L.) Dalam Mereduksi Logam Berat Kromium Limbah Cair Kain Jumputan Dengan Sistem Lahan Basah Buatan,” In Artikel Pemakalah Paralel Isu-Isu Strategis Sains, Lingkungan, Dan Inovasi Pembelajarannya, 2022, Pp. 346–354.
[12] H. R. Fidiastuti And A. S. Lathifah, “Uji Karakteristik Limbah Cair Industri Batik Tulungagung: Penelitian Pendahuluan,” In Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi Dan Saintek Iii, 2018, Pp. 296–300.
[13] B. Widaryanti And E. Laksmitasari, “Penurunan Kadar Kromium (Vi) Pada Limbah Batik Desa Giriloyo Imogiri Menggunakan Serbuk Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes),” In Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi Dan Saintek (Snpbs) Ke-V, 2020, Pp. 486–490.
[14] E. Kurnianingtyas, “Combination Of Trembesi (Samanea Saman) Adsorbents And Fitormediation Of Kiambang (Salvinia Molesta) Plants To Reduce Chrome Levels In Batik Waste,” Sustainable Environmental And Optimizing Industry Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pp. 108–114, Oct. 2022, Doi: 10.36441/Seoi.V4i2.1185.
[15] I. Lestari, M. Mahraja, F. Farid, D. R. Gusti, And E. Permana, “Penyerapan Ion Pb(Ii) Menggunakan Adsorben Dari Limbah Padat Lumpur Aktif Pengolahan Air Minum,” Chemistry Progress, Vol. 13, No. 2, Pp. 68–75, Nov. 2020, Doi: 10.35799/Cp.13.2.2020.31391.
[16] U. A`Yunina, A. D. Moelyaningrum, And E. Ellyke, “Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera) Untuk Mengikat Kromium (Cr) (Study Pada Limbah Cair Batik),” Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, Vol. 21, No. 1, Pp. 93–98, Feb. 2022, Doi: 10.14710/Jkli.21.1.93-98.
[17] K. Oginawati, A. A. H. Anka, S. H. Susetyo, S. A. Febriana, I. Tanziha, And C. R. S. Prakoeswa, “Urinary Hippuric Acid Level As A Biological Indicator Of Toluene Exposure On Batik Workers,” Heliyon, Vol. 7, No. 8, Pp. 1–7, Aug. 2021, Doi: 10.1016/J.Heliyon.2021.E07775.
[18] V. Rachmawati, R. Nurjayati, And M. D. Yuniati, “Penurunan Konsentrasi Cod Limbah Batik Pada Proses Seeding Dan Aklimatisasi Menggunakan Material Preservasi Mikroorganisme (Mpmo),” Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, Vol. 21, No. 1, Pp. 73–82, Feb. 2022, Doi: 10.14710/Jkli.21.1.73-82.
[19] A. P. Farahdiansari, M. F. Perdana, W. T. Sasmi, A. R. Pratama, And F. M. Dewadi, “Studi Literatur Pengembangan Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pewarna Batik: Pendekatan Desain Peralatan Ramah Lingkungan,” Jadi (Jurnal Teknik Industri), Vol. 1, No. 2, Pp. 59–67, 2025, [Online]. Available: Https://Jadi.Indiepress.Id/Jadi/Index.Php/Jadi/Index
[20] M. J. Subarkah And H. S. Titah, “Remediasi Logam Berat Pb Dengan Menggunakan Biochar Sekam Padi Dan Tongkol Jagung,” Jurnal Sains Dan Seni Its, Vol. 12, No. 1, Pp. F48–F52, 2023.
[21] Paryanto, M. A. Fadilah, And M. F. I. Aji, “Penentuan Nilai Kesetimbangan Adsorbsi Zat Warna Alami Kulit Mahoni Ke Dalam Kain Dengan Proses Batch,” Inovasi Teknik Kimia, Vol. 3, No. 2, Pp. 1–7, 2018.
[22] W. D. P. Rengga, Harianingsih, A. Erwanto, And B. Cahyono, “Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Isotermal Logam Pb Dan Cr Pada Limbah Batik Menggunakan Adsorben Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays),” Journal Of Chemical Process Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 2, Pp. 56–63, 2019.
[23] Y. J. Simangunsong And Yusmidiarti, “Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Bonggol Jagung (Zea Mays) Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Besi (Fe) Air Sumur Gali Di Kelurahan Padang Serai Kota Bengkulu,” Jurnal Sanitasi Profesional Indonesia, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2021.
[24] N. Rokhati, A. Prasetyaningrum, N. ‘Aini Hamada, A. L. C. Utomo, H. B. Kurniawan, And I. H. Nugroho, “Pemanfaatan Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Adsorben Limbah Logam Berat,” Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia, Vol. 6, No. 2, P. 89, Oct. 2021, Doi: 10.31942/Inteka.V6i2.5508.
[25] L. M. Susanto, A. Rahmatulloh, And S. J. Endarto, “Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tekstil Dengan Memanfaatkan Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Karbon Aktif Menggunakan Aktivator Natrium Hidroksida (Naoh),” Distilat: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, Vol. 11, No. 1, Pp. 01–09, Mar. 2025, Doi: 10.33795/Distilat.V11i1.6893.
[26] Suwantiningsih, Khambali, And Narwati, “Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Media Filter Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Besi (Fe) Pada Air,” Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, Vol. 14, No. 1, P. 33, Aug. 2020, Doi: 10.26630/Rj.V14i1.2170.
[27] I. Pratiwi And A. I. Setiorini, “Penurunan Nilai Ph, Cod, Tds, Tss Pada Air Sungai Menggunakan Limbah Kulit Jagung Melalui Adsorben,” Jurnal Redoks, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 55–62, 2023.
[28] N. Herawati, R. Rifdah, And N. M. Muthiah, “Kajian Pengaruh Massa Dan Waktu Operasi Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Dengan Menggunakan Residue Catalytic Cracking (Rcc) Sebagai Adsorben,” Distilasi, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 1–11, 2023.
[29] U. M. Anggriani, A. Hasan, And I. Purnamasari, “Kinetika Adsorpsi Karbon Aktif Dalam Penurunan Konsentrasi Logam Tembaga (Cu) Dan Timbal (Pb),” Jurnal Kinetika, Vol. 12, No. 02, Pp. 29–37, 2021, [Online]. Available: Https://Jurnal.Polsri.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Kimia/Index
[30] R. N. Wakid, H. Prasetyo, And A. Mulyaningtyas, “Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia ‘Kejuangan’ Pengaruh Konsentrasi Koh Dan Suhu Terhadap Adsorpsi Cu Pada Limbah Cair Batik Dengan Adsorben Bonggol Jagung,” Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Pp. 14–15, 2020.
[31] N. M. Eka, G. A. Muluk, And T. R. Azis, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Bioabsorben Dalam Proses Adsorpsi Besi(Ii) Dan Metilen Biru,” Jurnal Chemurgy, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 59–67, 2023, [Online]. Available: Http://E-Journals.Unmul.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Tk
[32] M. Jannah, F. Kriswandana, Marlik, And I. R. E. Wardojo, “Bioadsorben Campuran Kulit Dan Tongkol Jagung Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Bod Limbah Batik,” Window Of Health :Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 5, No. 2, Pp. 511–518, 2022.
[33] Meilianti, “Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari Arang Tongkol Jagung Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Aktivator Natrium Karbonat (Na2co3),” Distilasi, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pp. 14–20, 2020.
[34] A. Saban, Jasruddin, And Husain, “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Aktivator (Naoh Dan Hcl) Terhadap Karakteristik Karbon Aktif Dari Tongkol Jagung,” Jurnal Sains Dan Pendidikan Fisika (Jspf) Jilid, Vol. 19, No. 2, Pp. 2548–6373, 2023.
[35] V. Hernández-Montoya, L. A. Ramírez-Montoya, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, And M. A. Montes-Morán, “Optimizing The Removal Of Fluoride From Water Using New Carbons Obtained By Modification Of Nut Shell With A Calcium Solution From Egg Shell,” Biochem. Eng. J., Vol. 62, Pp. 1–7, Mar. 2012, Doi: 10.1016/J.Bej.2011.12.011.
[36] J. G. Murnane, B. Ghanim, L. O’donoghue, R. Courtney, T. F. O’dwyer, And J. T. Pembroke, “Advances In Metal Recovery From Wastewaters Using Selected Biosorbent Materials And Constructed Wetland Systems,” In Water And Wastewater Treatment, Intechopen, 2019, Pp. 1–26. Doi: 10.5772/Intechopen.84335.
[37] W. Mulyani, S. Mulyono, And A. C. Ayomi, “Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Kayu Besi Untuk Mengurangi Kadar Tss, Cod Dan Fosfat Limbah Laundry,” Gema Kesehatan, Vol. 17, No. 1, Pp. 33–40, Jun. 2025, Doi: 10.47539/Gk.V17i1.480.
[38] Mukhlis Et Al., “Optimization Of Contact Time And Stirring Speed In The Adsorption Of Cd(Ii) Using Acacia Crassicarpa Bark Powder As Adsorbent,” Journal Of Chemical Analysis, Vol. 08, No. 02, Pp. 111–120, 2025, Doi: 10.20885/Ijca.Vol8.Iss2.Art2.
[39] A. Miarti And R. S. Anike, “Efektifitas Karbon Aktif Tongkol Jagung Terhadap Kadar Ph, Tss Dan Tds Pada Limbah Cair Pt Perta Samtan Gas Effectiveness Of Corn Cob Active Carbon On Ph, Tss And Tds Levels In Liquid Waste Pt Perta Samtan Gas,” Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika, Vol. 13, No. 01, 2022.
[40] R. S. D. Lestari, D. K. Sari, A. Rosmadiana, And B. Dwipermata, “Pembuatan Dan Karaktersasi Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Dengan Aktivator Asam Fosfat Serta Aplikasinya Pada Pemurnian Minyak Goreng Bekas,” Jurnal Teknika, Vol. 12, No. 3, Pp. 419–430, 2016.
[41] D. Ikhsany, D. Kuriawati, E. Nasra, And M. Khair, “Engaruh Waktu Kontak Dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Terhadap Penyerapan Zat Warna Methylene Blue Pada Biji Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus Longan Lour) Dengan Metode Batch,” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pp. 15497--15504, 2024.
[42] Y. Novianti, E. Muliana, And D. Andriani, “Signage Sebagai Elemen Perancangan Kota Dalam Peningkatan Citra Kota (Studi Kasus Gampong Lancang Garam Kecamatan Banda Sakti Kota Lhokseumawe),” Jurnal Solusi Masyarakat Dikara, Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 46–53, 2021.
[43] M. Lempang, “Pembuatan Dan Kegunaan Arang Aktif,” Info Teknis Eboni, Vol. 11, No. 2, Pp. 65–80, 2014.
[44] G. Fitriyani, I. Nurhayati, J. Sutrisno, And Sugito, “Adsorpsi Logam Krom (Cr) Total Limbah Cair Batik Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Ampas Kopi,” Waktu: Jurnal Teknik Unipa, Vol. 22, No. 02, Pp. 39–46, Jul. 2024, Doi: 10.36456/Waktu.V22i02.8961.
[45] M. Z. Ahmad And M. S. Roychansyah, “Kajian Teoritis Hubungan Smellscape Terhadap Place Attachment,” Reka Ruang, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pp. 10–23, 2022.
[46] S. Hokkanen, A. Bhatnagar, And M. Sillanpää, “A Review On Modification Methods To Cellulose-Based Adsorbents To Improve Adsorption Capacity,” Water Res., Vol. 91, Pp. 156–173, Mar. 2016, Doi: 10.1016/J.Watres.2016.01.008.
[47] B. Wang, J. Lan, C. Bo, B. Gong, And J. Ou, “Adsorption Of Heavy Metal Onto Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon: Review,” Rsc Adv., Vol. 13, No. 7, Pp. 4275–4302, Jan. 2023, Doi: 10.1039/D2ra07911a.
[48] Hajrah, Ruslan, And Prismawiryanti, “Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Biji Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Sebagai Penyerap Logam Timbal Dalam Oli Bekas,” Kovalen, Vol. 4, No. 3, Pp. 297–303, 2018.
[49] H. Panda, N. Tiadi, M. Mohanty, And C. R. Mohanty, “Studies On Adsorption Behavior Of An Industrial Waste For Removal Of Chromium From Aqueous Solution,” S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng., Vol. 23, Pp. 132–138, Jun. 2017, Doi: 10.1016/J.Sajce.2017.05.002.
[50] F. Asadi, H. Shariatmadari, And N. Mirghaffari, “Modification Of Rice Hull And Sawdust Sorptive Characteristics For Remove Heavy Metals From Synthetic Solutions And Wastewater,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 154, No. 1–3, Pp. 451–458, Jun. 2008, Doi: 10.1016/J.Jhazmat.2007.10.046.
[51] A. Jamshaid Et Al., “Cellulose-Based Materials For The Removal Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater – An Overview,” Chembioeng Reviews, Vol. 4, No. 4, Pp. 240–256, Aug. 2017, Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Cben.201700002.
[52] K. Zarkasi, A. D. Moelyaningrum, And P. T. Ningrum, “Penggunaan Arang Aktif Kulit Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr) Terhadap Tingkat Adsorpsi Kromium (Cr 6+ ) Pada Limbah Batik,” Efektor, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2018.
[53] R. Kusumawardani, T. Anita Zaharah, And L. Destiarti, “Adsorpsi Kadmium(Ii) Menggunakan Adsorben Selulosa Ampas Tebu Teraktivasi Asam Nitrat,” Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa, Vol. 7, No. 3, Pp. 75–83, 2018.
[54] R. Liu, D. Han, H. Zhang, Y. Ma, And X. Hao, “Reviewing And Diagnosing Upgradation Strategies Of Wastewater Treatment Plants In China,” Journal Of Water Process Engineering, Vol. 71, Mar. 2025, Doi: 10.1016/J.Jwpe.2025.107267.
[55] F. F. Andarista, M. M. Huda, And R. Dewati, “Adsorpsi Logam Timbal Pada Limbah Cair Artifisial Menggunakan Arang Aktif Eceng Gondok,” Jurnal Teknik Kimia, Vol. 18, No. 1, Pp. 33–39, 2023.
[56] S. Z. Aisyahlika, M. L. Firdaus, And R. Elvina, “Kapasitas Adsorpsi Arang Aktif Cangkang Bintaro (Cerbera Odollam) Terhadap Zat Warna Sintetis Reactive Red-120 Dan Reactive Blue-198,” Alotrop, Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Kimia, Vol. 2, No. 2, Pp. 148–155, 2018.
[57] I. Syauqiah, M. Amalia, And H. A. Kartini, “Analisis Variasi Waktu Dan Kecepatan Pengaduk Pada Proses Adsorpsi Limbah Logam Beratdengan Arang Aktif,” Info Teknik, Vol. 12, No. 1, Pp. 11–19, 2011.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Canda Diwratna Wulandari, Anis Artiyani, Maria Roslyn Dwiputri, Hery Setyobudisudarso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
