International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE)

Environmental Law And Regional Autonomy: Opportunities And Challenges In Managing Natural Resources

Sukirno Sukirno — 2025-07-04

Decentralization and regional autonomy are pivotal in reshaping Indonesia's governance, particularly in managing natural resources. In environmental law, regional autonomy empowers local governments to take a more active role in protecting and managing the environment by local characteristics. However, the exercise of this authority is not without its hurdles, including regulatory disharmony between the central and regional governments, institutional capacity constraints, and underdeveloped oversight and public participation systems. This study examines the opportunities and challenges that arise when implementing environmental law within the framework of regional autonomy, with a specific focus on regulatory, institutional, and participatory aspects. The methods employed are a legal-normative and empirical approach involving an analysis of legislation, scientific literature, and case studies in several natural resource-producing regions. The study findings underscore that decentralization paves the way for reinforcing regional roles. However, this potential has not been fully harnessed due to the lack of policy synchronization and implementation capacity. The strategic role of regions in environmental protection continues to be impeded by the dominance of central authority, particularly in the mining and forestry sectors. Therefore, it is recommended that regulations be harmonized across levels of government, human resource, and institutional capacity in regions be bolstered, and community participation mechanisms in environmental decision-making processes be fortified. With this strategy, environmental law can emerge as a tool for ecological justice firmly rooted in local autonomy, fostering inclusivity through community participation.

Unveiling Gen Z Muslim Purchase Decisions: The Role of Product Quality, Social Media, and Halal Labeling in Indonesia’s Instant Noodle Market

Ifran Nabhani — 2025-07-04

This research examines the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of instant noodles among Generation Z (Gen Z) Muslims in Indonesia, focusing on product quality, halal labels, social media, and trust in the product. Using a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and data from 210 respondents, this study aims to understand the relationships among these variables and the role of the halal label as a mediator. The findings show that product quality, including taste and packaging, as well as social media, through influencer content and reviews on platforms like TikTok and Instagram, are the primary drivers of purchasing decisions. Conversely, the halal label does not directly influence purchases, as Gen Z Muslims consider all instant noodles to be halal certified according to regulations in Indonesia, making it a requirement rather than a differentiating factor. Trust in products, supported by safety certifications such as BPOM, strengthens the perception of halal, but its influence on purchasing is more indirect. This research enriches the Theory of Planned Behavior by demonstrating the dominance of product quality and social media in the context of Muslim Gen Z, while also confirming the halal label as a hygiene factor. Practically, producers are advised to prioritize innovation in product quality and social media campaigns while ensuring transparent halal certification. Limitations of the research include focusing on Muslim Gen Z in Indonesia, so future research may explore other factors such as price or the influence of religious communities.

Classification of Senile Cataract Disease Using Convolutional Neural Network Method and Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Awan Gumilang Hardandrito — 2025-07-04

Senile cataract is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly that requires technology-based diagnosis to improve detection efficiency and accuracy. This study aims to classify the severity of senile cataracts in eye fundus images using a deep learning ensemble model approach consisting of CNN Custom and MobileNetV2, as well as Explainable AI methods in the form of Grad-CAM. The underlying theory is the Convolutional Neural Network architecture as the image feature extraction model, plus the transfer learning principle in MobileNetV2, as well as the visual interpretation of Grad-CAM to increase the transparency of the model. The research approach is experimental, with the data coming from the Senile Cataract dataset processed through augmentation and stratified division. A Custom CNN was built with four convolution blocks while MobileNetV2 was used as the pretrained feature extractor. Both were combined in the feature fusion stage and the prediction results were visualized with Grad-CAM. The evaluation results showed that this ensemble model achieved 95.6% accuracy, 95.4% macro F1-score, and an AUC-ROC area close to 1, and provided a clinically relevant heatmap of the lens opacity area. The contribution of this research is in combining two different CNN models with an interpretive approach that bridges the need for high accuracy and transparency in image-based medical applications, with potential applications in automated diagnosis systems and future telemedicine services.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of School-Based Management In Enhancing Educational Quality: A Case Study Of Smp Negeri 3 Manado

Imelda Kakomole — 2025-07-05

This research analyzes the effectiveness of implementing School-Based Management (SBM) in improving educational quality at SMP Negeri 3 Manado. The main objectives were to analyze SBM's effectiveness, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, describe the school's efforts to overcome obstacles, and evaluate its contribution to academic and non-academic quality. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that SBM is effective in enhancing educational quality through active participation from all school community members in program planning, implementation, and evaluation. This positively impacts learning quality (more innovative teachers, active students) and improves teacher professionalism. Data-driven accountability is also key to its effectiveness. Supporting factors include teacher commitment, team cohesion, and the principal's open leadership. However, challenges include uneven human resource capacity and sub-optimal utilization of facilities. The school addresses these by conducting regular program evaluations, actively involving all school elements, and fostering a culture of discussion. SBM's contribution is evident in improved academic quality (learning processes) and non-academic aspects (environment, extracurriculars, collaboration). This study concludes that SBM plays a vital role in educational quality improvement, yet requires adaptive strategies for HR development and resource optimization.

Legal Study On The Perpetrators Of Extortion (Pungli) In The Aek Sijorni Tourist Spot In The Perspective Of Law No. 31 Of 1999 Jo. Law No. 20 Of 2001 Concerning The Eradication Of Criminal Acts Of Corruption

Baginda Pane — 2025-07-08

The purpose of this study is to discuss extortion. Extortion is an abbreviation of illegal levies, which is the act of asking for something without a clear and official legal basis. Extortion is a form of extraordinary crime and is categorized as a criminal act of corruption regulated by law. Extortion often occurs due to abuse of office authority by an individual or group of individuals from a particular agency. Extortion activities often disturb the community. It even becomes a threat because the perpetrators often use threats or physical violence to achieve their goals. The type of research used is normative research, with an approach method through legislation. Results of the discussion: Extortion is an unlawful act that has been regulated in Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption concerning the eradication of criminal acts of corruption. Criminal sanctions for perpetrators of extortion are imposed under Article 368 of the Criminal Code which states that: "Anyone who, with the intention of unlawfully benefiting themselves or others, forces someone with violence or the threat of violence to give something, all or part of which belongs to that person or another person, or to create debt or eliminate receivables, is threatened with extortion, with a maximum imprisonment of nine years." 2. Government efforts to eradicate extortion: Limiting excessive procedures; Transparent in terms of requirements, time, and service costs for the community; Providing a complaint channel for the community if extortion occurs; Placing Satpol PP officers at every tourist location; Taking firm action against perpetrators of extortion.

Legal Study of Legal Protection for Victims of Cyberbullying Crimes Based on Law Number 1 of 2024 Concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 Concerning Electronic Information and Transactions

Firmansyah Firmansyah — 2025-07-08

The purpose of this study is to find out and understand about Legal Protection related to cyberbullying crimes regulated in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and Obstacles in law enforcement against victims of cyberbullying. The type of research used is normative legal research. Using a qualitative approach. Discussion Results: 1. Legal Protection related to cyberbullying crimes is regulated in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. The use of this Law has been felt to be very appropriate by applying the legal principle of lex specialis derogate legi generali which means that special regulations can override more general rules. So that the appropriate use in cases of cyberbullying is the use of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. This law specifically regulates crimes that are often committed by perpetrators of crimes in cyberspace. 2. Obstacles in law enforcement against victims of cyberbullying include: No police report by victims of cyberbullying crimes; and Lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure to uncover cyberbullying crimes.

Legal Analysis of the Role of Autopsy in Revealing the Crime of Murder Based on the Criminal Code

Lorent Tampubolon — 2025-07-08

The purpose of this study is to find out and understand the Role of Autopsy in Revealing a Murder Crime and the obstacles faced by investigators in the autopsy process in revealing a Murder crime. This study uses a normative legal research type. Discussion Results: First, Forensic Autopsy has a very important role in revealing a Murder crime. The results of a forensic autopsy in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) are used as evidence either in the form of expert testimony and/or letters (visum et repertum). The results of a forensic autopsy clearly have a legal basis, this is clearly regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. The forensic autopsy process is very important in identifying the cause and effect of a person's death. So that forensic autopsy evidence has a clear legal position in the Criminal Procedure Code as evidence either in the form of expert testimony and/or letters; second, the obstacles faced by investigators in conducting an autopsy in revealing a Murder crime include: The victim's family objects, Lack of competent investigator human resources, Lack of experienced experts.

Legal Protection for Consumers Against the Purchase of Expired Products on the Market Based on Law No. 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection

Makmur Sigalingging — 2025-07-08

We often hear and see a series of cases related to the sale of Expired Products in the Market on television, almost all of which report on fraud committed by business actors in trade to deceive consumers as buyers of goods. This is not impossible to add to the series of similar cases, if the government does not take part in overcoming the circulation of expired products. The objectives of this study include: wanting to know how business actors are responsible for the circulation/sale of Expired Food and Beverage products and how to protect consumers against expired food and beverage products circulating in the market and consumed by consumers based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The type of research used is normative research, while the approach uses a statutory approach. This study uses primary and secondary legal materials. Research Results and Discussion: First, the responsibility of business actors for dishonest trade towards consumers is through compensation with a refund of an amount of money according to the nominal traded, if the consumer has not yet consumed it, if they have consumed the consumer goods, and it has a bad effect on the consumer's health such as poisoning, or causes health problems, then the responsibility of the business actor will be greater, namely health recovery. according to Article 19 paragraph (2) of Law Number 8 of 1999. Second, Legal Protection for consumers has not been fully realized as stated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. This can be seen from the many business actors found in the market who are still distributing expired food and beverage products without supervision from the government and related agencies. The application of criminal penalties which is still not complete, of course, will not provide a deterrent effect for dishonest and fraudulent business actors.

Legal Review Of The Implementation Of Castration Law On Sexual Crime Perpetrators In Indonesia

Randa Nainggolan — 2025-07-08

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Implementation of Castration Law Against Sexual Crime Perpetrators in Indonesia. The type of research used in this writing is Normative Research, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. Discussion Results: The Implementation of Castration Law Against Sexual Crime Perpetrators in Indonesia has not been effectively implemented. This can be seen from the many cases of sexual crimes decided by judges, not containing additional criminal penalties in the form of castration for perpetrators of sexual crimes. In addition, the implementation of castration punishment for perpetrators of sexual crimes is still a pro and con for the community. Where the punishment is not in accordance with the criminal system regulated in the Criminal Code. Another reason that the implementation of castration punishment is unnecessary is because it clearly violates Law Number 39 of 2009 concerning Human Rights. Where perpetrators of crimes still have the opportunity to live and continue their descendants. Castration punishment is considered very cruel and cruel, and inhumane, even violating medical ethics.

Legal Study Of Criminal Acts Of Electricity Theft Reviewed Based On Law No. 30 Of 2009 Concerning Electricity

Rinaldi Kalman — 2025-07-08

The purpose of this study is to find out and understand the Regulations on Electricity Reviewed Based on Law No. 30 of 2009 Concerning Electricity and Criminal Liability for Perpetrators of Electricity Theft. The type of research used is normative research, with an approach method through legislation. Discussion Results: First, the Regulations on Electricity Reviewed Based on Law No. 30 of 2009 Concerning Electricity are regulated in CHAPTER I to CHAPTER XVII. The Regulations regulate: General Provisions; Principles and Objectives; Control and Business; Management Authority; Utilization of Primary Energy Sources; General Electricity Plan; Electricity Business; Land Use Permits; Selling Prices, Network Rentals, and Electricity Tariffs; Environment and Engineering; Guidance and Supervision; Investigation; Administrative Sanctions; Criminal Provisions, Transitional Provisions; Closing Provisions. Second, Criminal liability for perpetrators of electricity theft is regulated in Article 51 paragraph (3) and Article 53 of Law Number 30 of 2009 concerning Electricity. Article 51 Paragraph (3) which reads "Any person who uses electricity that is not his right unlawfully shall be punished with imprisonment of a maximum of 7 (seven) years and a maximum fine of Rp2,500,000,000.00 (two billion five hundred million rupiah). And Article 53 which states: "Any person who carries out business activities supporting electricity services without a permit as referred to in Article 25 paragraph (1) shall be punished with imprisonment of a maximum of 5 (five) years and a maximum fine of Rp2,000,000,000.00 (two billion rupiah)."

Reduction Of Air Conditioner Energy Consumption Through The Implementation Of A Non-Invasive Sensor Based Automatic Control System

Nurmahendra Harahap — 2025-07-09

High energy consumption from air conditioning (AC) systems is a significant challenge to building energy efficiency, particularly in Indonesia's building sector where AC units can account for up to 70% of the total electrical load. This problem is often exacerbated by user negligence, such as leaving units on in unoccupied rooms. This research aims to design, build, and test a universal, non-invasive automatic control device to reduce such energy waste by automating its operation based on occupancy and temperature. The system integrates a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for occupancy detection and a DHT22 sensor for temperature monitoring, controlled by an Arduino Nano. Its primary innovation is a servo motor that mechanically presses the AC remote's button, ensuring universal compatibility. The control logic activates the AC only when presence is detected and the temperature exceeds 25°C, and deactivates it after a period of vacancy. The device's effectiveness was evaluated through comparative 8-hour tests on two different AC units. The results demonstrated highly significant energy savings. The use of the device reduced energy consumption by 2.716 kWh (44.85%) for AC 1 and 3.280 kWh (41.80%) for AC 2. With an average energy efficiency improvement exceeding 43%, the non-invasive automatic control device is proven to be a highly effective solution. Its universal, non-invasive design makes it a practical and widely applicable tool for energy conservation in various environments.

Interdependence Between Green Economic Growth And Digital Transformation In Indonesia

Afini Febriani Laili — 2025-07-29

This study investigates the effectiveness of policy controls on digital-based green economy indicators in Indonesia using the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) approach. The analysis centers on variables such as Employed Person, Green Credit, Exports of ICT Goods, Household Debt to GDP, Green Consumption, Green Trade, and Green Sustainable Development. The findings reveal that in the short term, most variables are predominantly influenced by their own past values, especially the Employed Person indicator. However, in the medium and long term, the interaction between Household Debt to GDP and other variables emerges as a pivotal factor in reinforcing sustainable development policies. This suggests that household financial stability plays a vital role in supporting green consumption, digital exports, and sustainability financing. These results align with previous studies highlighting the interconnected roles of labor, household finance, and green trade in driving inclusive green economic growth. Accordingly, development strategies should be tailored based on temporal horizons and the structural interlinkages among key variables. This research contributes empirically to the formulation of adaptive, digital-driven green policy frameworks in the post-pandemic era.

Integrating Sustainable Development And Poverty Reduction: A Model For Central Aceh Regency

Khairuddin Khairuddin — 2025-07-29

This study aims to analyze the contribution and dynamic interrelationships among key socio-economic variables influencing poverty and human development in Indonesia, using the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) approach within a simultaneous equation framework. The variables analyzed include poverty, unemployment, labor force participation rate (LFPR), per capita income, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results reveal that poverty is primarily influenced by lagged values of per capita income and HDI. Meanwhile, unemployment is significantly affected by poverty and LFPR. LFPR itself is influenced by poverty, while per capita income is impacted by unemployment. HDI is significantly driven by poverty and per capita income. These findings confirm that the interactions among variables are simultaneous and can mutually reinforce or weaken each other. Therefore, policies aimed at poverty alleviation and human development enhancement must be designed in an integrated and cross-sectoral manner. A multidimensional approach that considers the historical interlinkages among variables is essential for formulating inclusive, sustainable, and evidence-based development strategies. This study offers both theoretical and practical contributions to socio-economic policymaking, particularly in the context of green and digital development in Indonesia.

Monetary Policy Transmission And Exchange Rate Fluctuations In Asian Countries

Laila Adamy — 2025-07-29

This study investigates the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments—money supply, interest rates, and foreign exchange reserves—in managing trade balance stability across selected Asian and European countries, including Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, and Russia. Employing a quantitative approach with a Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research examines both shortterm and longterm effects of macroeconomic variables on trade performance from 2019 to 2023. The findings reveal that in Indonesia and India, money supply and interest rates serve as primary indicators for maintaining external equilibrium, aligning with classical monetary theory. In contrast, foreign exchange reserves are the sole significant factor influencing trade balance stability in Russia and the UK. The panel analysis confirms that while all variables contribute, interest rate is the most consistent tool for longterm trade balance management, whereas reserves and interest rate dominate in the short term. These results underscore the need for adaptive, contextspecific policy combinations rather than reliance on a single instrument. The study offers strategic insights for policymakers in emerging markets, highlighting the critical role of coordinated monetary tools in ensuring macroeconomic and external sector resilience.

The Role Of Human Development In Economic Growth And Poverty Reduction In Bener Meriah Regency

Mirantika Mirantika — 2025-07-29

This study aims to examine the interrelationship between economic growth and poverty in Bener Meriah Regency by employing a simultaneous equations modeling approach. Two main structural equations were developed: the first evaluates the influence of unemployment, the Human Development Index (HDI), and poverty on economic growth; the second investigates the impact of expected years of schooling (EYS), labor force participation, and economic growth on poverty levels. The estimation results reveal that HDI and poverty significantly affect economic growth, while unemployment shows no statistically significant influence. In the second equation, educational attainment (as measured by EYS) and economic growth are found to be significant factors in reducing poverty, whereas the labor force variable does not exhibit a meaningful effect.These findings underscore the pivotal role of human development—particularly in the domains of education and decent living standards—as a fundamental driver of inclusive economic growth and sustainable poverty alleviation. The study offers valuable insights for regional development policy, emphasizing the need to invest in human capital and enhance the quality of the local workforce. By adopting a simultaneous modeling framework, this research provides a strategic reference for designing holistic and socially equitable development policies, especially in rural regions such as Bener Meriah.

InInterpersonal Communication Between Young Couples In North Jakarta In Dealing With Financial Problems

Tarisa Putri — 2025-07-09

This study aims to explain the form of interpersonal communication in the relationship of young couples facing financial problems, and its impact on household harmony. The main focus of this study is to understand the communication patterns formed between couples when they are faced with financial pressure in their household life. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method with four young couples living in North Jakarta who are experiencing financial problems. This study refers to the theory of interpersonal relationships and the concept of interpersonal communication that emphasizes openness, empathy, equality, and emotional support in establishing healthy relationships. In addition, this study also places communication in a relational context, where every interaction between husband and wife has an influence on the emotional dynamics and stability of the relationship. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results of the study indicate that communication that is carried out openly, supports each other, and is able to manage emotions positively has a great influence on maintaining household harmony even under economic pressure. Conversely, dominant or closed communication patterns actually increase the potential for conflict. Thus, healthy interpersonal communication is an important factor in building resilience in young couples' relationships amidst financial problems.

The Effectiveness of Environmental Legal Instruments in Addressing the Dynamics of International Trade

Syahrul Ramadhan Sihotang — 2025-07-10

The era of economic globalization requires Indonesia to adapt its environmental legal instruments to the increasingly complex dynamics of international trade. The regulatory transformation through Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation has shifted the paradigm from an “environmental permit” system to an “environmental approval” system, while the implementation of carbon taxes through Law No. 7 of 2021 and various related conservation regulations presents new challenges in balancing economic competitiveness and environmental protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Indonesia's environmental legal instruments in meeting international environmental standards such as the EUDR and CBAM. The research method employs a normative legal approach using library research techniques, examining primary legal sources such as the latest laws and their implementing regulations, as well as secondary sources from academic literature and international reports. The results of the study show that environmental regulatory transformation creates a paradox between deregulation to attract investment and increasing environmental standards demanded by the global market. The implementation of a carbon tax at a rate of Rp30,000 per ton of CO2e and a carbon trading mechanism shows progressive steps but is still limited in scope. The development of synergies between conservation and trade requires strengthening the Payment for Environmental Services scheme and sustainable product certification. The study's conclusions emphasize the need for a more balanced policy reorientation and a holistic approach to integrate economic, social, and environmental aspects in addressing the dynamics of international trade that prioritize sustainability principles.

The Influence of Leader-Member Exchange on Employee Performance With Job Satisfaction As A Mediating Variable At Harris Barelang Batam

Laura Maharani — 2025-07-17

This study aims to analyze the influence of leader-member exchange on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at HARRIS Barelang Batam. A quantitative approach with a causal associative design was employed, using a saturated sampling technique involving 52 employees. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that leader-member exchange does not have a significant direct effect on employee performance. However, leader-member exchange has a significant effect on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction significantly influences employee performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange and employee performance. These findings suggest that improving employee performance through leader-member exchange requires an initial enhancement in job satisfaction.

Digital Labour In The Live Streaming Economy: A Thematic Literature Review

Pardomuan Pardosi — 2025-07-17

This article undertakes a systematic literature review using a qualitative descriptive method to synthesise existing evidence on digital labour in the live streaming economy. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database on 15 June 2025 using focused Boolean search terms related to digital labour, platform labour, and live streaming. Of 116 initial records, 29 articles published between 2020 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria and were screened based on PRISMA 2020 standards for methodological rigour.The results show that live streaming creators labour under unstable and typically exploitative conditions imposed by platform algorithms and managerial authority. Despite these tensions, creators demonstrate agency through building peer networks,leveraging authenticity,and using community-based strategies of negotiating sponsor and audience expectations. Brokerage strategies, family solidarity, and mutual support serve to cushion precarity and enable autonomy. These findings suggest that creator agency is not an outcome of platforms as such, but of creators' adaptive strategies and social resilience. This review contributes to a larger understanding of the ways in which digital labour is organized, experienced, and contested on live streaming platforms.

The Management of the School Principal at the Early Childhood Education Institution of TK GMIM Pniel Bahu, Manado City

Susan Stefania Samahati — 2025-07-17

This study aims to describe and analyze the school principal’s management at an early childhood education institution, TK GMIM Pniel Bahu in Manado City, focusing on the four main management functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation review, and analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that the principal manages the school effectively by integrating Christian values, a familial culture, and a participatory approach into all managerial functions. Planning is conducted collaboratively with teachers and parents; organizing involves proportional task distribution and cross-sector partnerships; program implementation reflects participatory and holistic leadership; while supervision is carried out in a reflective, transparent manner, oriented toward quality improvement. These results show that the school management not only aligns with classical management principles (POAC) but also reflects transformational, participatory, and community-based leadership. This study reinforces the crucial role of the school principal as an instructional leader who inspires and serves within a contextual and value-driven early childhood education environment.

Integration of the Roles of Men and Women in Forming a Harmonious Family

Siti Nur Has Winda — 2025-07-19

This study aims to examine how the integration of male and female roles creates a harmonious family within the context of the Arjasa Jatisari Village community in Indonesia. The issue of gender role inequality in the household remains a source of conflict and a decline in the quality of marital relationships. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method, through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation of five married couples in Situbondo who had been married for more than five years. The results identified three main patterns of role integration in the household: collaborative, adaptive, and traditional. Couples with collaborative and adaptive patterns demonstrated more open communication, shared decision-making, and high emotional involvement, while the dominant traditional pattern often exhibited inequality and double burdens. Role integration practices were found to be stronger in childcare than in domestic work. This study contributes to theories of gender equality and family functionalism, and emphasizes the importance of equal relationship education and policy support in promoting fair and dynamic role sharing in modern households.

Gender Role Shifts and Intergenerational Gaps in Family Structure

Fithri Izzah Rahmatullah — 2025-07-24

The shift in gender roles within the family structure is an increasingly relevant phenomenon in the context of rapid social and cultural change. In the past decade, this shift has been evident in the increased participation of women in the public sector and decision-making, in contrast to prevailing traditional norms. However, gender inequality remains a challenge, particularly in the division of domestic duties and childcare. Furthermore, intergenerational gaps within families often exacerbate these issues, with older generations tending to maintain traditional views of gender roles, while younger generations seek greater equality and opportunities. This study analyzes the relationship between shifting gender roles and intergenerational gaps in family structure, as well as their impact on family relationship dynamics. Using a qualitative approach, the research explores the experiences of individuals from different generations to understand how these shifts affect family interactions and communication. The results suggest that recognizing more egalitarian gender roles can help reduce the intergenerational gap, creating a more inclusive and harmonious family environment. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of education and intergenerational dialogue in raising awareness of gender equality, as well as the need to adapt family norms and values to meet modern challenges.

Analysis of Government Regulation Number 28 of 2025 concerning the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing: Impact on the Investment Climate and Foreign Investment in Indonesia

I Ketut Parikesit — 2025-07-29

Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 Year 2025 concerning the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing (RBBL) marks a fundamental policy reform in Indonesia's business licensing landscape. This regulation, which officially revokes and replaces Government Regulation Number 5 Year 2021, aims to simplify and accelerate the licensing process, focusing on increasing efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty for business actors. Significant changes include the application of binding Service Level Agreements (SLAs), a fictive-positive policy to prevent delays, simplification of procedures for Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), and strengthening the Online Single Submission (OSS) system as a single reference. The anticipated impact of the enactment of GR 28/2025 on Indonesia's investment climate is highly positive. This regulation is expected to increase the confidence of both domestic and foreign investors through greater certainty of time and more transparent processes, reduced bureaucracy, and minimized potential for corrupt practices. For Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the ease of licensing and integrated access to various facilities and tax incentives through the OSS system will be a significant attraction. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of GR 28/2025 will largely depend on the government's ability to overcome operational challenges, including seamless system integration, human resource capacity building, and comprehensive socialization to all stakeholders.

A Comparative Study Of The Direct Appointment Process For Construction Service Providers Under Presidential Decree No. 16 Of 2018 And Presidential Decree No. 12 Of 2021 (Case Study: Gunung Rajak Village Library Construction Project)

Ilham Yakup — 2025-07-24

Construction work is an important part of economic growth. Procurement of construction goods and services is one of the factors for successful development. One method used in procurement of construction services is direct appointment. Based on this, the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2021 and Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2021 concerning procurement of construction goods and services. The purpose of this study is to determine the stages of the direct appointment process and to determine the impact of changes in presidential regulations on the process of direct appointment of construction service providers. Thus, it is hoped that it can provide policy recommendations that can increase the effectiveness of construction service procurement. The research method uses quantitative descriptive research. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling, with data taken from the Gunung Rajak Village Library Building Construction project and questionnaires distributed to service providers, service providers, and the Gung Rajak village community who understand service procurement. The data processing is descriptive and the questionnaire data processing uses a Likert Scale. The results of this study are that the process of direct appointment activities in the Gunung Rajak village library building construction project was carried out well and structured. Then the results of the questionnaire analysis with a Likert Scale showed the percentage value of the respondents' attitudes above 80%, with a small standard deviation value, namely (between 0.626 - 0.484), and an average Likert scale value of 4. These results indicate that Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2021 is considered better in the process of direct appointment of construction service providers compared to Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2018.

Smartwatches, AI, and the Three Faces of Technological Determinism: A Marxist Critique of Digital Capitalism

Ressa Uli Patrissia — 2025-07-24

This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in smartwatches through the critical lens of Karl Marx’s theory of technological determinism. In contrast to functionalist and adoption-centered analyses, the research problematizes the ideological and socio-economic structures underpinning wearable technologies. The objective is to reinterpret smartwatches not as neutral innovations but as artifacts embedded in digital capitalism—functioning simultaneously as autonomous agents, social constraints, and political instruments. Employing a qualitative, conceptual methodology grounded in Marxist historiography and critical media studies, the research synthesizes canonical texts with contemporary scholarship on AI, surveillance, and labor. The results reveal that AI-powered smartwatches reinforce capitalist imperatives of productivity, data commodification, and self-discipline, ultimately contributing to behavioral governance and user alienation. This study offers a dialectical framework that exposes the myth of technological neutrality and reframes wearable AI as a site of ideological reproduction. It contributes to communication and technology studies by advancing a historically grounded critique of how digital devices shape, and are shaped by, class dynamics, capitalist rationality, and power structures.

Study of scheduling DPRD building of North Lombok Regency using BIM 5D with Tekla Structural software

Toriqurrahman Toriqurrahman — 2025-07-24

The Lombok Utara Regency DPRD Building Construction Project is a multi-story building construction project using conventional scheduling methods with an S-curve. In accordance with Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 on the implementation regulations of Law No. 28 of 2002 on building construction, which mandates the use of BIM for medium and high-rise buildings. This study aims to investigate the use of BIM through Tekla Structures software in planning project scheduling based on Detailed Engineering Design (DED) data. The research methodology begins with the collection of relevant references and shop drawing data. Using the obtained data, a 3D model can be created using Tekla Structures 2025 software, followed by scheduling tasks using Tekla Task Manager. The advantages of scheduling using Tekla Structures include the ability to create detailed models and facilitate scheduling through its available features, which display visualizations of each stage of progress. Compared to conventional scheduling using an S-curve, Tekla Structures provides accurate information through the visualizations it displays. The scheduling results for the construction project of the Lombok Utara Regency DPRD Building using the S-curve required 139 calendar days, while using Tekla Structures software required 111 calendar days. This study demonstrates that BIM technology can significantly enhance construction project efficiency.

Motivating and Examining The Students of SMK Triratna for The Final Exams: A Community Service Activities

Ian Nurpatria Suryawan — 2025-07-28

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of motivation training on students' academic performance and psychological readiness at SMK Triratna. The training focused on enhancing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to improve students' learning enthusiasm, confidence, and stress management during examinations. Using a quasi-experimental design, data were collected from a sample of students before and after the training through questionnaires and academic assessments. The results indicate a significant increase in students' motivation levels, academic achievement, and mental resilience. The findings suggest that motivation training is a valuable intervention to boost students' academic success and emotional preparedness. It is recommended that such programs be implemented regularly and supported by the school community to sustain positive outcomes.

The Dynamics of Polygamy in Middle-Class Society (An Analysis of the Perspective of Islamic Law, Family Welfare and Gender Equality)

Ahmad Syaikal — 2025-07-28

Polygamous practices in contemporary society present social complexities that demand critical and multidimensional analysis. This research explores the dynamics of polygamy in middle-class contexts, with a profound focus on the interaction between Islamic legal norms, family welfare construction, and gender equality discourse. Employing a phenomenological qualitative approach, the study delves into the lived experiences of polygamous families through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The research findings reveal complex social interaction patterns, where polygamous practices transcend mere legal-normative concerns, emerging instead as an arena of power negotiation, identity construction, and social meaning. The study identifies three critical dimensions: 1. Dynamic and contextual Islamic legal construction, 2. Multidimensional implications for family welfare dynamics, 3. Structural challenges in achieving gender equality. The research uncovers that polygamous practices form a complex social ecosystem, characterized by highly diverse experiences. Some families successfully create internal harmony, while others face relationship fragmentation, emotional conflicts, and psychological tensions. Critically, the study offers a novel perspective: polygamy cannot be understood as a singular phenomenon, but rather as a social practice generated through complex interactions between religious traditions, socio-economic structures, and gender power dynamics. The primary implication of this research is the necessity of a holistic and transformative approach to understanding and regulating polygamous practices, positioning principles of justice, human dignity, and the welfare of all family members as the central focus.

Disparity In Judges' Determinations Regarding The Confirmation Of Marriage For Underage Sirri Marriages From The Perspective Of Legal Certainty

Lailatul Khomariyah — 2025-07-28

This study aims to understand and analyze disparities in judges' decisions on marriage validation for secret marriages conducted by underage couples and the legal implications (consequences) that arise. The type of method used in this study is a normative legal research method, using a statutory approach. The findings of this study indicate that the judge rejected the marriage validation case in Decision No. 951/Pdt.P/2023/PA.Krs and Decision No. 59/Pdt.P/2019/PA. Apn reviewed the legal certainty aspect in accordance with the applicable laws and referred to the fatwa of the Secretary of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 231/PAN/HK. 05/01/2019, which states that marriages involving minors who do not meet the minimum age requirement for marriage must be renewed through tajdid nikah and registered. This relates to the judge's decision to grant the marriage validation case in Judgment No. 614/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Tg and No. 58/Pdt.P/2023/PA. Rtg reviews the aspect of maslahah mursalah (public interest) within the family. This study aims to provide recommendations to enhance consistency and fairness in the enforcement of laws related to underage secret marriages, particularly for unregistered marriages, and to promote public awareness of the importance of marriage registration to ensure their legal rights.

The Influence Of Service Quality On Customer Satisfaction At Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Probolinggo

Khoiril Anam — 2025-07-28

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction both partially and simultaneously at Bank Syariah Indonesia Probolinggo Branch. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were all consumers of Bank Syariah Indonesia Probolinggo Branch. The sample size was 100 respondents. Validity test and reliability test are used to test measuring instruments. The results showed that responsiveness with a coefficient of 0.003, assurance with a coefficient of 0.016, tangible with a coefficient of 0.037, reliability with a coefficient of 0.040 had an effect on customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination analysis shows that 59.2% of customer satisfaction is influenced by service quality. While the remaining 40.8% is influenced by other variables not included in the study Thus, improving overall service quality can be an effective strategy in increasing customer satisfaction at BSI Probolinggo Branch.

Isolation And Characterization Of Trichoderma Sp. And Its Antagonism Activity Against Fusarium Wilt In Shallots

La Mudi — 2025-07-28

Moler disease in shallots, particularly during the rainy season, caused a significant decline in production. As a solution, biological control using indigenous Trichoderma sp. was needed, as it functioned both as a biocontrol agent and a plant growth promoter. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Trichoderma sp. from the BTP Study Program Pilot Garden and to evaluate its antagonistic potential against moler disease in vitro. The research was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory of Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic from July to August 2024. Observed variables included macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as inhibition tests. Characterization data were analyzed descriptively, while inhibition test results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a P-value of 0.05. Based on the isolation results, four isolates of Trichoderma sp. were isolated from the vegetation of palm oil plants, rubber plants, and pepper plants, exhibiting morphologically and microscopically distinct characteristics. Based on the morphological and microscopic characters, the TP2 isolate was suspected to be Trichoderma sp., the TH2 isolate was identified as T. hamatum, the TE1 isolate was assumed to be T. harzianum, and the TE2 isolate was thought to be T. koningi. The results of the antagonist test showed that the Trichoderma sp. isolates could act as biological controllers, as shown by the inhibition test results ranging from 35.16% to 69.46%. These findings indicated that the indigenous Trichoderma isolates had promising potential as biological control agents and could be further developed for field application to manage moler disease in shallots effectively.

Information Ethics In The Qur'an: A Thematic Study Of Trust And Honesty In Facing Hoaxes

Nur Azizah Riska Ayu Astiani Mahmudah — 2025-07-30

The rapid development of information technology has drastically changed the way humans communicate. In this digital era, people can easily obtain information and disseminate it without proper verification, which can increase the potential for the spread of hoaxes. This phenomenon requires us to use good ethics in information and communication, especially regarding the values of trustworthiness and honesty. This study aims to examine the concept of trustworthiness and honesty in more depth through a thematic approach by referring to M. Quraish Shihab's Tafsir Al-Misbah. This study uses a qualitative method using a thematic interpretation approach (Maudhui'i), namely by collecting and analyzing verses related to the values of trustworthiness and honesty. From the results of this study, we obtain how the concept of trustworthiness and honesty in conveying information based on the Qur'an, and how the Qur'an provides guidance in dealing with hoaxes. This study explains more specifically by combining the concept of trustworthiness and honesty in dealing with hoaxes with a thematic interpretation approach.

The Relationship Between Job Demand And Emotional Intelligence With Burnout Among Factory Employees In Jepara

Diana Tria Ningrum — 2025-08-03

Burnout is a form of psychological distress due to prolonged stress characterized by physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion involving factors such as job demand and emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between job demand and emotional intelligence with burnout in factory employees in Jepara. This study uses a quantitative research method using quantitative correlation research. The data collection technique used in this study is accidental sampling with a sample of 92 factory employee respondents in Jepara. The results of the analysis that job demand has a significant effect on burnout p of 0.031 (p <0.05) with rx1y 0.226. Meanwhile, emotional intelligence also has a significant effect on burnout p of 0.034 (p <0.05) with rx1y 0.221. Overall, both variables contribute effectively by 7.8% to burnout. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between job demand and emotional intelligence with burnout. This means that employees with high job demands and emotional intelligence tend to experience burnout.

Integration Of Islamic Human Rights Principles In The Citizen Charter: A Study On The Fulfillment Of The Right To Life, Dignity, Justice, Equality, And Public Health Rights (A Case Study Of Public Health Services At Mardiwaluyo Regional Hospital And Sananwetan Community Health Center)

Muh. Zainul Ikwan — 2025-08-02

The Citizen’s Charter focuses on transparency, accountability, and quality public services. Within the framework of Islamic Human Rights, it emphasizes the importance of protecting public interests and achieving impartial social justice, meaning justice without discrimination. Sharia itself aims to attain the welfare (maslahah) of society, aligning with the principles of the Citizen’s Charter. Thus, it can be interpreted as support for initiatives aimed at improving the quality of public health services and fulfilling citizens' rights. Therefore, the principles of justice, transparency, and community welfare are in line with the objectives of the Citizen’s Charter. This study found: 1) The integration of Islamic Human Rights (IHR) into the Citizen’s Charter in the healthcare sector; 2) The formulation, implementation, and evaluation of medical services based on the Citizen’s Charter at Mardiwaluyo Regional Hospital. A qualitative method was used in this study, applying a case study type with a multi-site design. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, verification, and conclusion drawing. The data were analyzed from both single-site and cross-site data. The research findings on the integration of Islamic Human Rights principles in the Citizen’s Charter show that the concept of integrating IHR principles into the Citizen’s Charter in the health service sector develops the concept proposed by Khan and Nasir in Medical Ethics in Islam: Implications for the Citizen’s Charter. The findings expand this into several components: the Right to Quality Health Services, Accessibility, Transparency and Informativeness, Non-Discrimination, Community or Patient Participation in Decision-Making, Accountability, Balanced and Proportional Structuring, and Responsibility — all applied in support of community welfare and quality of life. In terms of Islamic Human Rights, the integration of Islamic medical ethics principles with the Citizen’s Charter creates a healthcare service that is ethical, transparent, just, and patient-centered. By incorporating Islamic moral values such as rahmah (compassion), amanah (trust), adl (justice), and hifz al-‘ird (protection of dignity), the implementation of the Citizen’s Charter can be more effective and sustainable. The formulation stage of Citizen’s Charter-based medical services from the IHR perspective involves four stages: formulation, service implementation, and service evaluation. One notable finding is the promotion phase — including the promotional efforts conducted by both Mardiwaluyo Regional Hospital and the Sananwetan Community Health Center.

The Impact of QRIS Digital Payments On Microenterprise Income In Palembang City

Muhammad Zulkarnain — 2025-08-07

One form of digital payment currently in use is the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). Business actors—ranging from micro, small, to medium enterprises—have adopted this system due to its convenience for consumers in conducting payment transactions for purchased products. This ease of transaction can lead to increased sales and, ultimately, higher income for business owners. This study aims to examine the effect of QRIS-based digital payments on the income of microenterprises in Palembang City. The data utilized are primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to research respondents. A total of 100 microenterprise owners in Palembang were selected as the sample. The data analysis technique employed is simple linear regression.The findings indicate that QRIS digital payments have a significant positive impact on the income of microenterprises in Palembang City.

Website-Based Point Of Sales (POS) Application Design Using The Laravel Framework

Edwin Aji Sentosa — 2025-08-03

The data processing process at Toko Karunia in Trangkil Village still relies on manual recording. This method still poses many risks such as inaccurate product recording, slow sales reports, and a higher risk of data loss, all of which have an impact on the work efficiency of the shop owner. The purpose of this research is to solve the problem by designing a web-based Point of Sale (POS) application according to the needs of the store. The application design method uses the waterfall method with the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach. The application design process in this study is carried out sequentially. Starting with requirements analysis, system design, system development, system testing, and system implementation. At the application development stage, the programming language used is PHP with the Laravel framework, with the MySql database. After the application has been designed, it will be tested through the Black Box Testing method. As a result, the main features such as login, managing categories, products, members, suppliers, transaction features, and printing reports function properly. Overall, this POS application improves all aspects such as speed, accuracy, security, and ease of accessing data. This application also strengthens Toko Karunia's position to keep competing in the digital era.

Keywords: Point of sale, PHP, Waterfall, Laravel, MySql

Visionary Leadership In Promoting Islamic Values In Schools: A Phenomenological Study At SDN 1 Durenan Trenggalek

Winarto Winarto — 2025-08-02

As a form of responsibility toward transformation in the field of education, schools must have the capacity to realize and develop students’ character by strengthening the role of religion in learning activities. Religious activities not only play a crucial role in shaping student character but also foster habits of discipline, responsibility, and the development of good personal values. Discipline, in turn, leads to orderly learning, which becomes a motivation for academic achievement. A visionary principal holds a strategic role in encouraging students to develop religious character through various religious activities conducted by the school, including extracurricular, intramural, and co-curricular programs. This study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman model, including data display, data reduction, and data verification (drawing conclusions). Visionary leadership in developing Islamic values at SDN 1 Durenan, Trenggalek, is implemented massively through religious activities. The principal plays a central role as a leader of change, policy-maker, and coordinator in improving students’ academic achievement. As agents of change, educators and school staff are responsible for implementing and evaluating religious activities in the school environment. Students, as the primary focus of academic achievement improvement, receive full attention from both the principal and the teaching staff.

The Effect Of Giving Reading Recording Assignments Via Whatsapp Voice Notes On Students' Reading Skills Class 2 SDN Cirengit

Farihiyah Farihiyah — 2025-08-03

Reading skills refer to an individual's ability to read text accurately and understand its meaning. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of Voice Note feature use on the WhatsApp application with reading skill indicators, which include articulation, intonation, phrases, and punctuation. In addition, this study also evaluates the effect of giving reading recording assignments via WhatsApp Voice Notes on the reading skills of second-grade students. Using a quantitative approach with a one-shot case study pre-experimental design, this study involved 28 second-grade students at Cirengit Elementary School. Data were obtained through reading aloud tests and WhatsApp Voice Note recordings, then analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Pearson and Spearman's Rho correlation, linearity test, and simple linear regression). The results of the analysis indicate that the intensity of WhatsApp Voice Note use has a strong relationship with intonation, phrases, and punctuation use (high category), and a moderate relationship with articulation. Furthermore, the regression results showed that providing reading recording assignments via WhatsApp Voice Notes contributed 49% to improving students' reading skills, with an R-square value of 0.488. This finding confirms that the use of WhatsApp Voice Notes is effective in supporting the improvement of students' reading skills, although the impact varies across indicators.

The Influence of Service Quality, Price, and Marketing Strategy on Consumer Satisfaction at Rezky Car Spare Parts in North Labuhanbatu

Rezky Ramadhan Sipahutar — 2025-08-04

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, price, and marketing strategy on customer satisfaction at Rezky Car Spare Parts in North Labuhanbatu. The background of this study is the importance of understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction as a basis for increasing loyalty and business competitiveness. The research method used is a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers, then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that partially and simultaneously, service quality, price, and marketing strategy have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Among the three variables, marketing strategy has the most dominant influence on the level of customer satisfaction. This finding indicates that the company needs to redesign its strategies, run attractive promotions, and improve service quality to achieve optimal customer satisfaction.

Design And Construction of A Website-Based Digital Printing Product Marketing System

Ahmad Wilda Nur Fajri — 2025-08-03

The Web-Based Sales Information System at Inenndo Konveksi Printing is a modern solution for managing sales processes and data management in the printing industry. With increasing customer demand for printing services, the need for an efficient and integrated system is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to develop a web-based sales information system that enables Inenndo Konveksi Printing to improve operational efficiency, expand market reach, and enhance customer satisfaction. The system development method uses a web-based software development approach and a literary methodology using the waterfall method through the stages of system design requirements analysis, implementation, testing, and maintenance, with the Larafel framework. Various key features have been implemented in the system, including product management, online ordering, order tracking, inventory management, and sales reporting. Integration with an online payment system allows customers to make payments easily and securely. System evaluation was conducted through functional testing and collecting feedback from users. The evaluation results show that this system successfully meets the business needs of Inenndo Konveksi Printing and helps improve their operational efficiency. Customers also provided positive feedback regarding the system's ease of use and a pleasant online shopping experience. Overall, this Web-Based Sales Information System significantly improves Inenndo Konveksi Printing's business performance and strengthens its position in the competitive printing market. With the right technology, printing companies can leverage the full potential of web-based information systems to optimize their operations and meet evolving market demands.

Madu Banyu Asin: Market Penetration Strategy For Vannamei Shrimp Business In Kebumen

Mayang Wahyu Buana — 2025-08-04

The purpose of this study is to analyse Madu Banyu Asin's business performance in terms of production, human resources, and finance; to evaluate the effectiveness of market penetration strategies on sales growth; and to assess the effectiveness of social media marketing in increasing brand awareness and consumer brand engagement. The company's performance has improved over the last three months as a result of the deployment of partial harvesting, a planned organisational structure, and financial recovery from losses. In terms of human resources, a well-planned organisational structure aids team effectiveness. In terms of finance, the company generates profits that consistently increase every month. The market penetration strategy has successfully increased sales and expanded the B2B partner network. In addition, the market penetration strategy enhances the company's competitiveness in the B2B segment. The social media marketing strategy implemented has successfully enhanced brand awareness and consumer brand engagement through interactions on Instagram and WhatsApp Business, building long-term relationships. In terms of production, there has been a commitment to quality and sustainability. This study concludes that the implementation of integration between market penetration strategy and social media marketing strategy effectively enhances business performance, successfully expands the B2B partner network, and sustainably strengthens brand positioning.

Exploration of Antifungal Tests Based on Δ-Guaiene From Subang Patchouli Oil

Rahmi Rahmawati — 2025-08-08

Guaiene is a derivative compound produced as a byproduct in the production of patchouli alcohol from patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of δ-guaiene extracted from patchouli oil originating from Subang against four types of skin pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The method used was a laboratory experiment, with the main parameters observed including Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The results showed that δ-guaiene inhibited the growth of C. albicans at a concentration of 40%, with an IZD of 0.15 mm. Against A. niger, the compound demonstrated an inhibition zone of 1.4 mm at a 20% concentration and had an MFC of 20%. For T. mentagrophytes, an IZD of 0.4 mm was observed, with both MIC and MFC at 20%. Activity against gypseum showed an IZD of 0.25 mm, with MIC and MFC also at 20%. These findings suggest that δ-guaiene from patchouli oil has potential as a candidate antifungal agent derived from local resources, supporting the development of natural bioactive compounds and sustainability.

Evaluation of Corporate Archive Management System: A Case Study At PT Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut In 2025

Afiyah Yasmin Nabilla — 2025-08-08

This study aims to evaluate the archive management system implemented at PT Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (PT SIER), a state-owned enterprise managing industrial areas in Indonesia. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving field observation, interviews with archive personnel, and documentation analysis. Findings indicate that PT SIER’s current archive management system is predominantly manual, lacks integration with digital technology, and suffers from unstructured classification practices. Major internal constraints include limited qualified human resources and the absence of standardized archival procedures. External constraints involve inadequate storage facilities, leading to disorganized document placement and increased risk of physical damage. The study also found that document retrieval is inefficient due to reliance on a single archive officer and the absence of systematic indexing. Based on these findings, the study recommends the implementation of an integrated digital archival system, the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and regular training for employees to enhance document classification and indexing. These measures are expected to improve the efficiency and reliability of PT SIER’s archival practices.

Selection and Performance Evaluation Process for Indonesian Hajj Officials at the Directorate General of Hajj and Umrah, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Aulia Kania Rifatama Garini — 2025-08-08

This study aims to analyze the selection and performance evaluation strategies of Indonesian Hajj officers by the Directorate General of Hajj and Umrah of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The selection process is carried out through administrative stages, computer-based tests (CAT), and panel interviews. Performance evaluation is carried out from the training stage to the implementation of tasks in Saudi Arabia through direct supervision and daily reporting. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews, documentation, and participatory observation. The results indicate that the success of selection and evaluation is determined by system integration, individual competence, and institutional support. However, there are still challenges such as disparities in training quality between regions, limitations in the digital system, and the absence of standardized and measurable performance indicators. This study recommends the development of national competency standards, strengthening the performance management information system, and the implementation of Balanced Scorecard-based indicators. This study is expected to provide strategic input for policymakers in improving the quality of Hajj services and enriching academic literature on human resource management in the religious sector.

Evaluation of The Implementation of Standard Operating Prosedures (SOP) In Term Of Excellent Service By Customer Service Officer At Grapari Garuda Telkomsel Surabaya

Retno Puspita Sari — 2025-08-08

Increasingly competitive business competition in this era makes service quality an important factor in maintaining customer loyalty. This study aims to determine the implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for excellent service by GraPari Telkomsel Garuda Surabaya customer service. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach through observation at GraPari Telkomsel Garuda Surabaya. The results of the study indicate that GraPari Telkomsel Garuda Surabaya has standard operating procedures (SOPs) for excellent service that regulate the workflow of customer service in providing services, from greeting customers, identifying needs, service processes, handling complaints, to closing services. The implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for excellent service at GraPari Telkomsel Garuda Surabaya has been consistent, however, there are still weaknesses and challenges in its implementation, such as a lack of clarity regarding appearance guidelines for customer service representatives at GraPari Telkomsel Garuda Surabaya and customer service representatives who also serve as cashiers.

Evaluation of Complaint Handling: Case Study of Cashier Section PT Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut

Yudita Berenika Mbulu — 2025-08-08

Handling customer complaints is an important element in maintaining service quality and building customer loyalty. This research aims to evaluate the complaint handling process in the cashier section of PT Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER), identify the obstacles faced, and formulate strategic solutions to improve service effectiveness and efficiency. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The results showed that the complaint handling process at the cashier still faced various obstacles, both internal such as lack of training, ineffective communication, and low work motivation, as well as external obstacles such as regulatory dynamics and evolving customer expectations. Slow and unresponsive complaint handling has the potential to reduce tenant satisfaction and loyalty levels. Therefore, it is necessary to increase employee competence through training, improve the complaint management system, and utilize information technology to create faster, more accurate, and customer satisfaction-oriented services. This research is expected to be a valuable input for PT SIER in developing strategies to improve service quality in the future.

Business Communication Strategy of PT Telekomunikasi Selular Surabaya Branch in Sponshorship Negotiation Process

Ira Datus Salamia — 2025-08-08

34In the face of increasingly competitive business environments, companies must develop effective communication strategies, particularly in establishing sponsorship collaborations. This study aims to examine the business communication strategies implemented by PT Telekomunikasi Selular (Telkomsel) Surabaya Branch in the sponsorship negotiation process with potential partners. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that Telkomsel’s communication strategy involves systematic stages, the application of the 7C principles, and adaptive interpersonal approaches tailored to partner characteristics. Key success factors in negotiation include message clarity, value relevance, and the ability to build long-term relationships. Meanwhile, communication barriers such as perception gaps, mismatched expectations, and cultural challenges are among the obstacles encountered. Telkomsel addresses these challenges through clarification, proposal revisions, and two-way communication. These findings reinforce the importance of structured communication planning in building mutually beneficial business partnerships.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Delivery Standard Operating Procedures (Sops): A Case Study At PT Tustika Nagata (2025)

Maria Anjelina Margaretha Pajo — 2025-08-15

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for goods delivery at PT Tustika Nagata, a logistics company based in Surabaya, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research utilized data collection techniques including interviews, field observations, and documentation review. Findings indicate that the current SOP implementation still faces challenges such as late submission of delivery notes, delayed vehicle returns, discrepancies in spare part expense reporting, and inadequate vehicle maintenance by drivers. Internal constraints include a lack of discipline among operational staff and insufficient SOP enforcement, while external factors involve limited integration of technology in logistics processes. The study emphasizes the importance of well- structured SOPs in improving administrative accuracy, vehicle rotation efficiency, and financial accountability. Based on the analysis, recommendations include enhancing employee discipline, refining SOP content, digitizing logistics workflows, and providing routine training. These improvements are expected to increase the operational efficiency and reliability of PT Tustika Nagata’s delivery system in supporting seamless logistics performance.

Analysis of the Effect of Workload, Work Life Balance, and Work Environment, on Turnover Intention with Burnout as a Mediating Variable PT SGS (Sumber Graha Sejahtera) Semarang Branch

Muhammad Farhan Afifudin — 2025-08-10

This study aims to analyze the influence of workload, work-life balance, and work environment on turnover intention with burnout as a mediator at PT SGS Semarang Branch. The background of this study is based on the high turnover rate at the company. This study responds to the relatively high turnover rate at PT. SGS Semarang Branch. This is evidenced by the fact that PT SGS Semarang Branch conducts employee recruitment almost every month, particularly in the production workforce sector, to enhance competencies through vocational pathways. This study employs a quantitative approach using a questionnaire method. The sample consists of 50 production department employees selected using the Slovin method. The research instrument is a questionnaire that has been validated for validity and reliability. Data analysis was assisted by the Smart PLS 4.0 program. The results of the study indicate that workload has a significant negative effect on turnover intention, work-life balance has no significant effect on turnover intention, work environment has a significant negative effect on turnover intention, burnout has a significant positive effect on turnover intention, workload has a significant positive effect on burnout, work-life balance has no effect on burnout, and work environment has no significant effect on turnover intention. Workload has a significant positive effect on turnover intention, mediated by burnout; work-life balance has no significant effect on turnover intention, mediated by burnout; and work environment has no significant effect on turnover intention, mediated by burnout.

Analysis of The Relationship Between Volume, Speed, And Density On The MT Haryono Road Section Using The Greenshield, Greenberg, And Underwood Models

Sara Wibawaning Respati — 2025-08-11

Traffic congestion frequently occurs on MT Haryono Street in Balikpapan. Changes in travel patterns, population growth, and infrastructure development have a significant impact on the traffic conditions on this road. Effective congestion management requires a thorough understanding of traffic volume, speed, and density to develop appropriate strategies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between traffic volume, speed, and density using the Greenshield, Greenberg, and Underwood models, and to identify the model that best represents the traffic conditions. This quantitative research involved a field survey over a 400–meter segment of the road to determine the traffic volume, speed, and density. The collected data on volume, speed, and density were then analyzed using the Greenshield, Greenberg, and Underwood models. Based on the analysis of the relationship between traffic volume, speed, and density using the Greenshield, Greenberg, and Underwood models, the following primary conclusions are drawn. These models illustrate different relationships: Greenshield as linear, Greenberg as logarithmic, and Underwood as exponential. The analysis reveals a decline in speed with increasing volume and density, with Greenberg's model predicting higher speeds at low densities; however, this is less realistic. In contrast, the Greenshield and Underwood models more closely align with actual conditions. Among the models, Greenshield has the highest coefficient of determination (r² = 0.775), making it the most accurate in depicting this relationship.

Acceptance of E-learning Technology by Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Method

Ibrahim Hasan — 2025-08-13

The main aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the variables included in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the core variables and the extended variables of the TAM. The research method is a quantitative research that tests hypotheses derived from variables extracted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which include the variables of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, actual use, e-learning self- efficiency, and a set of variables. complexity To test the relationship between each variable, this study uses statistical tests using structural equation modeling (SEM) application tools SmartPLS. The results of the research hypothesis are (H1) the positive effect of e-learning self-efficacy (learning self-efficacy online) on the perception of comfort (perceived ease of use). (H2) positive effect of e-learning self-efficacy on perceived usefulness (perceived usefulness), (H3) positive effect of complexity on perceived ease of use. (H4) complexity has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. (H5) perception of ease of use (perceived ease of use) the use of e-learning affects the attitude to use (attitude to use). (H6) view of usefulness (perceived usefulness) positive effect of e-learning on usage attitude (attitude towards usage). (H7) perceived ease (perceived ease of use) negative effect on actual use e-learning (actual use). (H8) perceived usefulness of e-learning (perceived usefulness) positively affects actual use (actual use). (H9) usage attitude (attitude towards usage) positive effect on actual usage (actual usage). The practical implication of the research include conducting an extension study of external TAM variables, conducting a study with different objects and subjects and conducting a pretest of the samples to be studied in the prior to the research.

Political Advertising in General Elections

Amin Rais Harahap — 2025-08-15

This study aims to analyze the role and influence of political advertising in Indonesia’s general elections, focusing on how it shapes public opinion, sets the political agenda, and frames candidate images. Utilizing Political Communication Theory, Agenda Setting Theory, and Framing Theory as the theoretical framework, the research explores the strategic use of political advertisements across traditional and digital media platforms. Employing a qualitative approach through literature review and content analysis, the study examines secondary data from academic journals, official election reports, legal regulations, and media publications. The analysis reveals that political advertising in Indonesia functions not merely as a promotional tool but as a strategic instrument to influence voter perceptions and behavior, prioritizing certain political issues while framing narratives that align with candidates’ desired images.Findings show that while political ads effectively elevate issues like the economy and corruption in public discourse, they often emphasize candidate personalization and emotional appeals over substantive policy discussions. The rise of digital media and microtargeting techniques further intensifies the reach and segmentation of political messages, raising concerns about misinformation and social polarization. The study concludes that effective political advertising integrates message credibility, media channel selection, agenda-setting, and framing strategies tailored to the socio-political context. It underscores the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks to ensure transparency and fairness in political communication, thereby contributing to a more informed electorate and healthier democratic processes in Indonesia.

Social Media Marketing Strategy for MSME Adhiya Fashion

Eka Wanda Choirunnisa — 2025-08-15

This research aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by the MSME Adhiya Fashion to enhance competitiveness and expand market reach through social media. The study focuses on the application of the marketing mix (4P), consisting of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results indicate that social media platforms such as Instagram serve as the primary channel for Adhiya Fashion to showcase Products, engage with customers, and build brand awareness. Product strategies involving various hijab designs and appealing visual content have proven effective in attracting the attention of young consumers. Pricing strategies are adjusted to match the purchasing power of the target market, while distribution is carried out through online ordering systems. Promotional efforts include interactive content, special discounts, and the use of Digital trends. Despite the effectiveness of social media strategies, limitations in audience targeting and the minimal use of paid advertising features remain challenges. This research concludes that the integration of Digital marketing strategies based on the 4P framework can significantly contribute to the growth of MSMEs in the modest fashion sector.

The Influence of Facilities, Price, Service Quality, and Food Menu Innovation on Customer Satisfaction at Paini Banjir Restaurant

Tasya Dwi Andini — 2025-08-15

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of facilities, price, service quality and menu innovation on customer satisfaction with equipment at the Paini Banjir Restaurant. The search method used is a quantitative method. The research population came from Paii Restaurant consumers. The sample used in this study was up to 100 people, obtained by an unintentional sampling method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses linear regression analysis using several SPSS software. The research results show that all research variables have an influence on customer satisfaction simultaneously, this can be seen from the calculated t value of all variables being greater than the t table value (1.984) with a significant value below 0.05, simultaneously the independent variables have an influence on the dependent variable. This can be seen from testing all calculated f values > f table, and the determination value of the research variables is 0.807 or 80.07% of the variables have an influence on consumer satisfaction.

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Dimensional Variation On The Compressive Strength of Concrete

Yogika Oktavian — 2025-08-16

In the world of construction, concrete has a very important function as the main material due to its role in maintaining the strength and stability of the structure. This study aims to evaluate the effect of coarse aggregate size variations on the compressive strength of concrete and determine the most suitable size for use. The use of coarse aggregates is focused on granules that are retained on 3/4-inch and 3/8-inch sieves. The results showed that concrete with coarse aggregate retained in a 3/8 inch sieve had a higher compressive strength than 3/4 inch aggregate. At 3 days of age, the average compressive strength value reached 12,078 MPa for 3/8 inch coarse aggregate and 10,587 MPa for 3/4 inch aggregate. This difference continued at the 28-day lifetime compressive strength (the result of the 1971 PBI conversion), which was with an average value of 30,296 MPa for a 3/8 inch aggregate and 26,469 MPa for a 3/4 inch aggregate. This difference is due to a tighter distribution of patricles, reduced pore volume, and more optimal bonding of cement paste and aggregate. Therefore, the selection of coarse aggregate sizes needs to be adjusted to the purpose of construction.

The Social Context of Mawlid Shifā’u al-Ṣudūr by Hadratus Syekh Arifin bin Ali bin Hasan

Argha Zidan Arzaqi — 2025-08-18

This study provides a sociological analysis of the authorship of Mawlid Shifā’u al-Ṣudūr by Hadratus Syekh Arifin bin Ali bin Hasan, a local scholar without formal literary training. The research aims to explore how his social status, ideology, and target community influenced the creation of this significant work. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, the study examines the Mawlid Shifā’u al-Ṣudūr as its sample from the population of all Indonesian kitab mawlid. The researcher, acting as the main instrument, employed content and document analysis to systematically link the author's biographical and social context with the text's content. The findings indicate that the work is a product of a unique interplay between the author's ascribed, achieved, and assigned statuses, his mystical spiritual journey, and his adherence to the Nūr Muhammad concept. The study concludes that the book served as a tool for da'wah and identity formation, with its bilingual format specifically tailored for a community with low Arabic literacy. The findings are limited to this case, and further comparative research is suggested.